As businesses are the hide appliances repair manuals

We live in the information age, where knowledge is at a distance of a click. However, there are more and more ways of keeping the information hidden from the public. One of these ways is the copyright-the right to copy.

Are these rights that the major technology companies are using to hide in the public domain the repair manuals, that enable the consumer or repair centers repair a product. The concealment of these practical guides is having consequences, since it affects the circular economy, which is based on a logic of reuse.

Without the repair manuals, the life cycle of equipment becomes smaller since they cannot be repaired and reused. Is this logic of descartelização that appeals to companies, since it increases profits.

This phenomenon, called planned obsolescence-decision of a producer to develop, manufacture and distribute a product purposely for consumption that quickly becomes obsolete or non-functional, so as to force the consumer to acquire the product new generation â€" was created in the 1920, having its greatest expression in the decades of 1940 and 1950 and re-emerged recently with the big push of the technological age.

Using the right to copy, organizations advocating that the instruction manuals are own creations, protecting them from public access, soon available for consultation and the copy. The copyright violation is punished legally in most countries.

The use of the copyright allows that feed the planned obsolescence of the large companies. Two major technological don't provide access to their repair manuals are Apple and Toshiba.

Last year, Toshiba made news by thanks Tim Hicks, a computer repairman, erasing all repair manuals Toshiba products from your site, writes The Guardian. The page since young Australian â€" Future Proof â€" contains several laptops repair manuals, which can be consulted free of charge.

According to Japanese technological giant, repair manuals belong exclusively to Toshiba and contain information that only the brand and repair technicians can access. Such as Apple, Toshiba and many other companies do not allow access to these guides-Acer, Sony ... There are few technology companies that provide the manuals to consumers and between these brands include companies such as Dell or HP.

If the repair manuals that the companies conceal are disclosed on the internet, trademarks are the copyright to remove copies from circulation.

The circular economy

The circular economy is an economic model which is opposed to the linear model. The industrial linear model is based on the premise "to buy, use and dispose". The circular model is based on the premise of Lavoisier's Law-"nothing is lost, everything is transformed"-since it assumes a reuse of products, where the biological and technical are combined cycle recycle and reuse products, allowing you to create new capital.

The concept of circular economy has several decades and cannot be assigned to a single author. The concept evolved over the years and studied by several schools. However, it was in the late 1970 that its practical effects in modern economic systems and in industrial processes began to be fleshed out by a small number of academics.

The circular economic model is interconnected with the sustainability of the planet. To assume the reuse of products it is expected that the production processes require less raw material and it's not created so much waste.

Foto:  gingerpig2000 / Creative Commons

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